Shock collars, also known as e-collars or electronic collars, have long been a controversial tool in the world of dog training. There are some very strong feelings on both sides as to whether they should be used or not.
E-collars were originally designed to curb unwanted behaviours through a static electric pulse and have sparked significant debate among trainers, veterinarians, and pet owners alike.
While some argue that these devices are effective for training, others emphasize the potential harm they can cause to a dog’s well-being. Here’s a closer look at shock collar training to help you determine if it’s right for your dog.
How Shock Collars Work
Shock collars work by delivering a static correction to the dog’s neck via metal prongs on the collar. The intensity of the shock can usually be adjusted, ranging from a mild sensation to a more intense jolt.
Some collars also have vibration or beep settings as a gentler alternative to shocks.
Typically, these devices are activated remotely by the owner or automatically when the dog engages in specific behaviours, such as barking or running away.
Proponents of shock collars argue that they are an effective and quick way to correct unwanted behaviours, particularly in cases of stubborn dogs or during off-leash training. For example, hunters and other outdoor enthusiasts often use shock collars to train their dogs to respond to commands in open spaces where traditional leash training is impractical.
The Argument in Favour of Shock Collars
Supporters claim that shock collars, when used responsibly, can be a humane way to train a dog. The key, they argue, is using the lowest effective setting and coupling the shocks with positive reinforcement, such as treats or praise.
This approach ensures that the dog understands what behaviour is being corrected and why. Advocates also point out that many modern shock collars come with warning beeps or vibrations that give the dog a chance to respond before a shock is administered.
Another argument in favour of shock collars is that they allow for training at a distance. This can be especially useful for dog owners who need to prevent behaviours like chasing wildlife or running into dangerous areas when the dog is off-leash. Proponents believe that the temporary discomfort of a shock is preferable to the risk of a dog getting lost or injured.
The Risks and Downsides of Shock Collar Training
Despite these potential benefits, shock collars are not without risks. Many trainers and animal behaviourists believe that the use of shock collars can cause anxiety, fear, and even aggression in dogs. Dogs that are shocked may not understand the connection between the shock and their behaviour, leading to confusion and distress.
Repeated exposure to shocks can also cause long-term psychological harm, including a lack of trust in the owner and an increased likelihood of behavioural problems.
Critics also argue that shock collars are a shortcut for proper training, relying on pain or fear rather than teaching the dog through positive reinforcement. This can create a punitive atmosphere where the dog behaves out of fear rather than a genuine understanding of what is expected.
The misuse of shock collars by untrained or impatient owners can result in serious harm to the dog, both physically and emotionally.
Shock collars are illegal in several countries including Germany, France, Spain, The Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Wales, and Quebec. There are campaigns to have them banned in some other countries like the UK.
There have been several scientific studies of these of shock collars for training dogs. In 2017 a meta review of 17 of these studies was done.
The conclusion was using that “aversive training methods can jeopardize both the physical and mental health of dogs” (1). They singled out shock collars by referring to the conclusion of Overall (2007 (2)) that they “should not be used for behaviour modification in dogs, because of their aversive nature and due to the lack of scientific data on their effectiveness”.
Alternatives to Shock Collar Training
For those wary of using shock collars, there are numerous alternatives that focus on positive reinforcement and gentle training techniques. Clicker training, for example, uses a small device that makes a clicking sound to signal to the dog that they’ve performed the correct behaviour, followed by a reward. Other tools like harnesses, head halters, and long training leads can provide effective control without causing pain or discomfort.
Ultimately, the decision to use a shock collar should be made with careful consideration of your dog’s temperament, your training goals, and your willingness to use the device responsibly. While shock collars may offer a quick fix for certain behaviours it’s essential to weigh the potential benefits against the risks to your dog’s well-being.
Robin Logan
RSHom
1. Ziv, Gal (May 2017). "The effects of using aversive training methods in dogs—A review". Journal of Veterinary Behavior. 19: 50–60. doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2017.02.004. S2CID 151846599
(2) Overall, Karen L. (January 2007). "Why electric shock is not behaviour modification". Journal of Veterinary Behavior. 2 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2006.12.006