A search on the internet will reveal some shocking examples of destroyed furniture and possessions; even holes chewed through walls and doors by dogs left to their own devices.
Count yourself lucky if you have a calm, well-balanced dog, but if you don't, read on.
Some Causes of Destructive Behaviour
Separation Anxiety
One of the most common reasons dogs become destructive when left alone is separation anxiety. This condition arises when a dog experiences extreme distress and fear in their owner's absence.
Signs of separation anxiety may include:
• Destructive chewing or scratching
• Excessive barking or whining
• Pacing and restlessness
• Attempts to escape
Separation anxiety stems from a strong attachment to the owner, changes in the household routine, or past traumatic experiences, such as abandonment or rehoming. However, some dogs, even ones from a stable background, are more prone to it. The dogs that are hardwired this way are the hardest ones to help.
Boredom and Lack of Stimulation
Dogs require a lot of mental and physical stimulation, and owners sometimes underestimate this. When left alone without appropriate outlets for their energy, dogs may resort to destructive behaviours to entertain themselves. Chewing, digging, or shredding items is often the result of boredom and a lack of other ways to channel their energy.
Insufficient Exercise
A lack of exercise can also contribute to destructive behaviours, which should not be underestimated. Depending on their breed, age, and personality, dogs have varying energy levels. High-energy breeds like Border Collies or Labrador Retrievers may need more rigorous exercise than other breeds. Without adequate physical activity, pent-up energy can manifest as chewing, digging, or other destructive actions. Sometimes, a walk is not sufficient; what is required is a good run.
Teething in Puppies
For puppies, destructive chewing is often a natural part of their teething process. As new teeth grow, they may chew on anything to relieve the discomfort. This usually subsides as the puppy matures, but providing appropriate chew toys is crucial.
Stress and Fear
Stressful events or environments can also trigger destructive behaviour. Loud noises, such as thunderstorms or fireworks, might frighten a dog and lead to panic-driven destruction. Similarly, a dog’s environment may cause stress if it feels unsafe or unfamiliar.
Medical Issues
Sometimes, destructive behaviour can indicate an underlying medical issue. Dental pain, gastrointestinal discomfort, or other health problems may cause a dog to chew or destroy objects as a coping mechanism. If a dog’s destructive behaviour is sudden and uncharacteristic, a visit to the veterinarian is advisable.
Addressing Destructive Behavior
Provide Mental and Physical Stimulation:
• Ensure your dog gets sufficient daily exercise through walks, playtime, or agility activities.
• Offer puzzle toys, treat-dispensing toys, or training sessions to keep their mind engaged.
Create a Safe and Stimulating Environment:
• Use a crate or gated area to limit access to valuable or dangerous items. Chew proof crates are available - for example 'Safe Crate' by Dog Crate World.
• Leave safe chew toys or interactive toys to occupy your dog. Be cautious about leaving them with toys they might ingest.
Address Separation Anxiety:
• Gradually desensitize your dog to your departures by practicing short absences and rewarding calm behavior.
• Consider calming aids, such as pheromone diffusers or calming music and consult a professional trainer if needed.
Ensure Health and Comfort:
• Schedule regular veterinary check-ups to rule out medical issues.
• Make sure your dog has a comfortable resting area with water and bedding.
As well as addressing the above points as fully as possible, positive reinforcement training is helpful. Reward the dog for appropriate behaviour and redirect them from destructive actions if they do it in your presence. It is important to avoid punishment as it can exacerbate the problem by increasing anxiety and fear.
Robin Logan, RHSom